What is DNA fingerprinting? Mention its applications.

DNA finger printing involves identifying differences in some specific regions in DNA. sequence called 'repetitive DNA'. These sequences show high degree of polymorphism and form the basis of DNA finger printing.

The fundamental technique involved in DNA finger printing was introduced by Alec J. Jeffreys.
DNA Finger printing - Protocol:

• Obtaining DNA sample from saliva, blood etc.
• Making the DNA into smaller fragments at specific sites by using restriction enzymes.
• Separation of DNA fragments into individual bands according to size by using electrophoresis.
• Making the double stranded DNA into single strand by alkaline chemicals or by heating.
• Transferring the DNA on to the nylon membrane by Southern blotting.
• Hybridisation with probe to identify specific DNA.
• Exposure on photographic film to make a genetic / DNA fingerprint.

Applications:

• Conservation of wildlife
• Taxonomical applications
• Pedigree analysis
• Anthropological studies
• Medicolegal cases
• Forensic analysis