What is known as the unit of heredity?

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Detailed Solution

The unit of heredity is the Gene. Genes are segments of DNA that carry instructions for traits passed from parents to offspring.

Genes are found on chromosomes inside the nucleus of cells. They contain coded information that decides features like eye color, height, and blood type. Each gene is made of DNA sequences that act as instructions for making proteins.

Functions of Genes

Control traits such as color, shape, and size in organisms.
Direct synthesis of proteins in the body.
Transmit hereditary information from one generation to another.

Examples

Trait	Gene Control
Eye color	Controlled by genes on chromosome 15
Hemophilia	Caused by defective gene on X chromosome
Flower color in peas	Mendel’s experiments showed gene inheritance

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