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Q.

What is meant by a chemical formula?

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Detailed Solution

A chemical formula is a short way to show which elements are in a substance and how many atoms of each are present.

In chemistry, we use symbols like H for hydrogen and O for oxygen. A formula like H2O tells us water has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom per molecule. Subscripts show count. If no subscript is shown, the count is one. Chemical formulas help predict reactions, balance equations, and find molar mass.

TypeExampleMeaning
Molecular formulaC6H12O6Exact atom counts in a molecule
Empirical formulaCH2OSimplest whole-number ratio
Structural formulaCH3–CH2–OHShows bonding arrangement
Ionic formulaNaCl, CaCl2Ratio of ions in a lattice
  • Charges: Ionic compounds are neutral overall.
  • States: Sometimes (s), (l), (g), (aq) are added in equations.
  • Molar mass: Sum atomic masses from the formula.
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