What is meant by genetic drift? Explain genetic drift citing the example of founder effect.

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The change in the frequency of a gene that occurs merely by chance in small populations is called genetic drift.
The alleles with low frequency are removed by chance resulting in fixation of alleles with high frequency.
Genetic drift is of two types.
1) Founder Effect.
2) Bottle-neck effect.

Founder Effect:

Founders are a small group of individuals who get separated from their original population and start a new colony in an isolated region. Their offspring are genotypically similar to their founders rather than to their ancestors.
Example: O-positive blood group in Red-Indian

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