What is Mendel's law of independent assortment?

Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment states that the alleles for different traits segregate, or assort, independently of each other during the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells). This law applies to genes located on different chromosomes or genes that are far apart on the same chromosome. For example, the inheritance of seed shape does not affect the inheritance of seed color in pea plants, as the alleles for these traits assort independently.