What is Onam and why is it celebrated?

Onam is the most important cultural and harvest festival of Kerala, celebrated mainly by Malayalis across the world. It usually falls in the Malayalam month of Chingam (August–September). Onam is celebrated to mark the homecoming of the legendary King Mahabali, whose reign is remembered as a golden era of prosperity, peace, and equality. According to belief, the gods granted King Mahabali permission to visit his people once every year, and Onam is observed in his honor.

The festival also coincides with the harvest season, making it a thanksgiving celebration for nature’s abundance.

Explanation

Mythological Significance:

• According to legend, King Mahabali was a kind and just ruler under whose reign Kerala experienced peace, happiness, and prosperity.
• However, the gods grew concerned about his growing power and sought Lord Vishnu’s help.
• Vishnu appeared as Vamana (a dwarf Brahmin) and asked Mahabali for three paces of land.
• With two steps, Vamana covered heaven and earth; for the third step, Mahabali offered his own head and was pushed to the netherworld.
• Impressed by his devotion, Vishnu blessed him to visit his people once a year—this visit is celebrated as Onam.

Agricultural Importance:

• Onam marks the harvest season in Kerala, when farmers celebrate the abundance of crops and thank nature for prosperity.
• This makes Onam both a religious and seasonal festival.

Celebrations:

• People create Pookalam (floral decorations) in front of their homes.
• Families prepare the grand Onam Sadhya, a traditional feast served on banana leaves.
• Traditional boat races (Vallam Kali), cultural performances, folk dances, and games are organized.
• It is a festival of unity where people of all religions participate.