What is Perennial and Non Perennial Rivers? Give Examples for Perennial and Non Perennial Rivers

Perennial Rivers

Perennial rivers are those that flow continuously throughout the year, regardless of the season, except during extreme drought conditions. They are also known as permanent rivers and are typically fed by a combination of sources such as rainwater, melting glaciers, and underground springs. These rivers are crucial for agriculture, drinking water, and hydroelectric power because they provide a reliable water supply year-round. In India, most perennial rivers originate in the Himalayas, where melting snow and glaciers ensure a continuous flow.

Examples of Perennial Rivers:

• Ganges (Ganga)
• Yamuna
• Indus
• Brahmaputra
• Sutlej
• Chenab
• Ravi
• Beas
• Jhelum
• Narmada, Mahanadi, and Thamirabarani (also considered perennial in some classifications)

Non-Perennial Rivers

Non-perennial rivers, also called seasonal rivers, do not have a continuous flow throughout the year. They typically flow only during the rainy season and may dry up or have very little water during the rest of the year. These rivers are generally found in areas without significant snow or glacier melt, relying mainly on rainfall for their water supply. In India, most non-perennial rivers are found in the peninsular region, where there are no snow-covered mountains.

Examples of Non-Perennial Rivers:

• Godavari
• Krishna
• Kaveri (Cauvery)
• Damodar
• Subarnarekha