What is Project Tiger and Its Major Achievements?

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Detailed Solution

Project Tiger is one of the most significant wildlife conservation programs in the world. Launched on April 1, 1973, by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, its primary goal was to save the Bengal tiger from extinction and ensure a viable population in its natural habitats.

Major Achievements:

Population Recovery: This is its greatest success. From an all-time low of around 1,411 tigers in 2006 (and ~1,800 in the 1970s), the population has rebounded significantly. The 2022 Tiger Census (released in 2023) estimated the population to be 3,682 tigers.
Global Leadership: India is now home to approximately 75% of the world's wild tiger population, making it the global leader in tiger conservation.
Expansion of Protected Areas: The project expanded the network of protected areas from just 9 reserves to 58, safeguarding critical tiger habitats across the country.
Scientific Conservation: It pioneered the "core-buffer" model and institutionalized scientific, camera-trap-based population monitoring, which is now a global standard.

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