Q.
What is relative lowering of vapour pressure? How is it useful to determine the molar mass of a solute?
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Detailed Solution
i) The ratio of lowering of vapour pressure (p0 – pS) to the vapour pressure of the pure
solvent (p0) is known as the relative lowering of vapour pressure
ii) According to Raoult's law the relative lowering of vapour PRESSURE of a dilute solution containing non-volatile solute is equal to the mole fraction of the solute
iii) The molecular weight of solute can be calculated as follows.
Where n1 and n2 are the number of moles of solvent and solute respectively present in the solution. For dilute solutions n2 < < n1, hence n2 can be neglected in the denominator
where
w1 = wt of solvent
w2 = wt of solute
M1 = M.wt of solvent
p0 = V.P of pure solvent
ps = V.P of solution
M2 = molecular weight of unknown solute