Q.

What is relative lowering of vapour pressure? How is it useful to determine the molar mass of a solute?

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Detailed Solution

i) The ratio of lowering of vapour pressure (p0 – pS) to the vapour pressure of the pure
solvent (p0) is known as the relative lowering of vapour pressure p0psp0
ii) According to Raoult's law the relative lowering of vapour PRESSURE of a dilute solution containing non-volatile solute is equal to the mole fraction of the solute
iii) The molecular weight of solute can be calculated as follows.
 i.e p0psp0=n2n1+n2 since x2=n2n1+n2
Where n1 and n2 are the number of moles of solvent and solute respectively present in the solution. For dilute solutions n2 < < n1, hence n2 can be neglected in the denominator
p0psp0=n2n1P0PSP0=ω2M2×M1ω1M2=w2×M1×p0w1p0ps
where
w1 = wt of solvent
w2 = wt of solute
M1 = M.wt of solvent
p0 = V.P of pure solvent
ps = V.P of solution
M2 = molecular weight of unknown solute

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