What is spore formation?

Spore formation is a type of asexual reproduction where special tiny cells called spores are produced. These spores are stored in a sac-like structure called the sporangium. When the spores mature, the sporangium bursts, releasing the spores. These spores are carried by air, wind, or water to different places. Under the right conditions, they germinate and grow into a new plant.

Spores are minute, single-celled structures.

• Some spores can move (motile).
• Some spores cannot move (non-motile).

Types of Spores

1. Zoospore
   • Can move because they have flagella (tiny tails).
   • Do not have a true cell wall.
   • Examples: Chlamydomonas (algae), Albugo (fungi)
2. Aplanospore
   • Cannot move.
   • Formed from a part of a vegetative cell.
   • Examples: Haematococcus, Vaucheria (algae)

Types of Aplanospores

1. Conidia
   • Form at the tip of fungal hyphae.
   • Many conidiophores (special branches) produce conidia.
   • Example: Penicillium
2. Oidia
   • Also form at the tip of hyphae, especially when there is excess food.
   • Example: Agaricus (a type of mushroom)