What is the botanical name of the banyan tree?

Ficus benghalensis is a large fig tree in the Moraceae family. It is famous for its aerial prop roots that grow down from branches, thicken into pillars, and create a “tree with many trunks.” This growth habit lets a single banyan cover a huge area and live for centuries.

Taxonomic placement

How to identify a banyan

• Aerial roots: Long, hanging roots from branches that become woody pillars.
• Broad crown: Spreads very wide with heavy branches.
• Leaves: Large, oval, leathery leaves with clear veins.
• Fruit: Small fig-like structures that house tiny flowers inside.
• Latex: White sap when cut, typical of Moraceae.

Banyan vs. Peepal: quick comparison

Ecology and locality

• Range: Native to the Indian subcontinent; planted across the tropics.
• Climate: Warm, humid to seasonally dry areas; full sun preferred.
• Soils: Adapts to many soils; deep, well-drained loams are ideal.
• Pollination: By species-specific fig wasps, like most Ficus.

Uses and significance

• Shade and shelter: Giant canopy offers community gathering space.
• Landscape icon: Landmark tree for parks and campuses.
• Cultural value: Revered in many traditions.
• Biodiversity: Supports birds and insects with year-round figs.