What is the Chemical formula of Cinnabar-ore of mercury? 

Cinnabar is a naturally occurring mineral that is the most significant source of mercury. It is primarily composed of mercury sulfide (HgS), which forms the cinnabar formula. This ore has been used for thousands of years in various applications, including as a pigment and in industrial processes.

Composition of Cinnabar

The cinnabar formula reveals its composition: one atom of mercury (Hg) is bonded to one atom of sulfur (S). Therefore, cinnabar is chemically represented as HgS, where the "Hg" stands for mercury and "S" for sulfur. This simple yet essential chemical formula, HgS, is key to understanding the ore's properties and its role in the extraction of mercury.

Extraction of Mercury from Cinnabar

To extract mercury from cinnabar ore, the cinnabar formula undergoes a chemical reaction when heated in the presence of oxygen. The reaction decomposes cinnabar (HgS) into mercury (Hg) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂), as shown in the following equation:

2HgS + 3O₂ → 2Hg + 2SO₂

This reaction is crucial because it allows for the recovery of mercury, which is used in various industries, from thermometers to electrical equipment.

Physical Properties of Cinnabar

Cinnabar is typically found in bright red or reddish-brown colors due to the mercury sulfide content. The cinnabar formula contributes to the mineral’s striking color, which is also why cinnabar has historically been used as a pigment in artwork and decoration. Its appearance has made it an attractive and valuable resource throughout history.

Significance of the Cinnabar Formula

The cinnabar formula (HgS) is significant because it not only highlights the basic chemical structure of the ore but also points to its importance in the extraction of mercury. Mercury is a valuable metal in many industrial and scientific applications, and cinnabar is the primary ore from which it is derived.

Conclusion

In summary, the cinnabar formula is HgS, indicating that cinnabar is composed of mercury sulfide. It serves as the main source for mercury extraction, which plays a critical role in various industries. Cinnabar’s distinct red color and chemical composition make it a significant mineral in both historical and modern contexts.