What Is The Difference Between A Compound And A Mixture?

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Detailed Solution

A compound and a mixture are two different ways substances can be combined. The fundamental difference lies in whether the substances are chemically bonded or just physically mixed.

A compound consists of two or more elements chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio. This chemical reaction creates a new substance with properties completely different from its original elements. Example: Water ($H_2O$) is a compound made from hydrogen and oxygen.

A mixture consists of two or more substances (elements or compounds) that are physically combined but not chemically bonded. The substances retain their original properties and can be mixed in variable proportions. Example: Salt water is a mixture of salt and water.

Comparison Table: Compound vs. Mixture

Feature	Compound	Mixture
Combination	Chemically bonded ($e.g.,$ ionic or covalent bonds).	Physically combined, no chemical bonds.
Proportions	Fixed ratio by mass (Law of Definite Proportions).	Variable proportions.
Properties	Has new, unique properties different from its components.	Retains the properties of its individual components.
Separation	Can only be separated by chemical reactions ($e.g.,$ electrolysis).	Can be separated by physical methods ($e.g.,$ filtration, boiling).
New Substance?	Yes, a new substance is formed.	No, it's just a collection of different substances.