What is the difference between fractional distillation and simple distillation?

Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component or fractions. This process is based on the difference in the boiling point of the components in the mixture. This is a special type of distillation.

The glass beads are provided in fractional distillation for vapours to condense and to provide a larger contact area between the particles for the effective separation of components.