What is the difference between rai and mustard seeds?

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Detailed Solution

The main difference between rai and mustard seeds lies in their color:

Rai (black mustard) seeds are dark brown to black.
Mustard (yellow) seeds are yellowish in color.

Both come from the mustard plant, a cruciferous vegetable family member closely related to broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. In Indian cuisine, both varieties are widely used for tempering (tadka).

Rai (Black Mustard)

Scientific name: Brassica nigra.
Appearance: Small, hard, round seeds ranging from dark brown to black.
Taste: More pungent compared to yellow mustard seeds.
Uses: Commonly used for seasoning food, tempering, and as mustard powder.

Mustard Seeds (Yellow Mustard)

Scientific names: Brassica hirta and Brassica alba.
Appearance: Round, hard yellow seeds.
Processing: Seeds are often hulled (outer skin removed) for commercial use.
Taste: Milder in flavor compared to black mustard seeds.
Special Property: Known for their preservative qualities in addition to culinary use.

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