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Q.

What is the formula for chemical kinetics?

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Detailed Solution

There’s no single formula, but three equations anchor most problems:

  1. Rate law (empirical): rate = k[A]^m[B]^n…. Fit m, n from data; determine units of k from overall order; and use integrated forms to connect concentration and time.
  2. Integrated rate laws (by order): zero-order [A] = [A]₀ − kt; first-order ln([A]₀/[A]) = kt (or [A]ₜ = [A]₀ e^(−kt)); second-order 1/[A] = kt + 1/[A]₀. These provide straight-line tests and half-life formulas.
  3. Arrhenius equation (temperature dependence): k = A e^(−Ea/RT). Plot ln k vs 1/T to get a straight line of slope −Ea/R and intercept ln A; this underpins accelerated testing and reactor optimization. 

Use these together: determine order from integrated plots, estimate k and half-life, then map how k shifts with temperature via Arrhenius to forecast performance at use conditions.

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