What is the function of stomata?

The function of stomata is to allow plants to exchange gases with the environment and control water loss.

Stomata are tiny pores or openings found mostly on the underside of plant leaves. Each stoma (singular) is surrounded by two guard cells that control when it opens or closes. These openings play a vital role in a plant�s life by allowing gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) to enter the leaf for photosynthesis and oxygen (O2) to leave as a by-product.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make food using sunlight, CO2, and water. Without stomata, plants would not be able to take in CO2 from the air, and photosynthesis would not occur efficiently. At the same time, stomata help release oxygen produced during this process back into the atmosphere, which is essential for all living organisms.

Stomata also regulate water loss through transpiration. When stomata open, water vapor escapes from inside the leaf into the air. This process helps cool the plant and enables the movement of nutrients from the roots to the leaves. However, if too much water is lost, the plant can become dehydrated, so stomata close to conserve water during dry or hot conditions.

In summary, stomata help plants breathe by controlling gas exchange and protect plants by managing water loss. They are essential for plant growth and survival.