What is the main active ingredient in vinegar that gives it its antimicrobial properties?

The main active ingredient in vinegar that gives it its antimicrobial properties is acetic acid. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid in the water, typically containing 5% to 8% acetic acid by volume. Acetic acid is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, making it useful for preserving food and as a cleaning agent.