What is the main purpose of a satellite’s solar panels?

The main purpose of a satellite’s solar panels is to generate electrical power from sunlight to operate the satellite’s systems. Solar panels consist of photovoltaic cells that convert solar energy into electricity. This energy powers instruments, communication systems, sensors, and control mechanisms on the satellite. The panels are often mounted on rotating arrays to ensure continuous exposure to sunlight as the satellite orbits Earth. When the satellite passes through Earth’s shadow, stored power from onboard batteries is used. Without solar panels, satellites would quickly lose energy and fail to function, making them essential for long-duration space missions.