What is the major function of mitochondria?

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Detailed Solution

The major function of mitochondria is to produce energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. ATP is the molecule that drives most processes in the cell. Without ATP, cells cannot perform essential tasks. Mitochondria convert glucose and oxygen into ATP, water, and carbon dioxide. This process ensures that the energy from food is transformed into a usable form.

Main functions of mitochondria

ATP production: The central function that fuels cellular activities.
Regulation of metabolism: Control of energy pathways in the cell.
Apoptosis (programmed cell death): Release of signals when a cell is damaged.
Heat production: In brown fat cells, mitochondria help in thermogenesis.
Storage of calcium ions: Helps in muscle contraction and cell signaling.

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