What is the role of glucagon in regulating blood sugar levels?

Glucagon is a hormone produced by specialized cells in the pancreas known as alpha cells. Its main function is to regulate blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream.

When blood sugar levels start to drop, such as between meals or during periods of physical activity, the pancreas releases more glucagon into the bloodstream. This signals the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream, thereby raising blood sugar levels. This helps to ensure that the body has a consistent supply of glucose, especially during periods when cells may require more energy.

In this way, glucagon helps to regulate blood sugar levels, working together with insulin to maintain the balance of glucose in the blood and prevent harmful fluctuations in blood glucose levels.