What is the role of mountains in influencing climate?

Mountains play a vital role in influencing local and global climate patterns. As moist air rises along a mountain slope, it cools and condenses to form clouds, leading to rainfall on the windward side. This effect, known as orographic precipitation, makes mountain regions lush and green. However, the leeward side often becomes dry, creating rain shadows. Mountains also act as natural barriers that influence wind movement and temperature distribution. They store snow and glaciers, which serve as freshwater sources for rivers. By affecting rainfall, temperature, and water availability, mountains maintain ecological balance and support diverse habitats for plants, animals, and humans.