What is the structure of the Bihar Legislature?

The Bihar Legislature is bicameral, which means it consists of two houses, similar to the Indian Parliament. This structure is established under the Constitution of India.

The two houses are:

1. Bihar Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha):
   • This is the lower house and holds the primary legislative power.
   • Strength: It has a total strength of 243 members.
   • Election: Members (MLAs) are directly elected by the people of Bihar through general elections (First Past the Post system).
   • Term: The Vidhan Sabha has a term of five years, after which it is dissolved, and new elections are held. It can be dissolved earlier if a government loses its majority.
   • Presiding Officer: The Speaker, who is elected by the members of the assembly.
2. Bihar Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad):
   • This is the upper house and functions as a permanent body.
   • Strength: It has a current strength of 75 members.
   • Election: Members (MLCs) are elected through a complex system of indirect elections and nominations:
     • 1/3 are elected by members of the Vidhan Sabha (MLAs).
     • 1/3 are elected by members of local bodies (municipalities, zila parishads).
     • 1/12 are elected by registered graduates.
     • 1/12 are elected by registered teachers of secondary schools and above.
     • 1/6 are nominated by the Governor from fields like literature, art, science, and social service.
   • Term: It is a permanent house and is not subject to dissolution. Members have a six-year term, with one-third of the members retiring every two years.
   • Presiding Officer: The Chairman, who is elected by the members of the council.