What is the valency of sulfur in sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)?

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Detailed Solution

The valency of sulfur in sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is 6.

In the H₂SO₄ molecule, sulfur is the central atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. To determine the valency, we analyze the chemical structure and oxidation states:

Hydrogen has a valency of +1 (2 atoms × +1 = +2).
Oxygen has a valency of -2 (4 atoms × -2 = -8).
The molecule is neutral, so the total valency must equal zero.

Let the valency (oxidation state) of sulfur be x:

2(+1) + x + 4(-2) = 0
2 + x - 8 = 0
x = +6

This means sulfur forms six bonds in sulfuric acid, giving it a valency of 6. This high valency allows sulfuric acid to act as a strong acid and an effective oxidizing agent in chemical reactions.

Understanding the valency of sulfur in H₂SO₄ is important for students and professionals in chemistry, as it explains the molecule's reactivity and industrial uses.

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