What is the valency of sulphur?

The valency of sulphur refers to the ability of its atoms to combine with other atoms by losing, gaining, or sharing electrons to achieve a stable electronic configuration. This is determined by the number of electrons in the outermost shell (valence shell) of a sulphur atom.

Sulphur's Atomic Structure

• Atomic Number: 16
• Electronic Configuration: 2, 8, 6

Sulphur has six electrons in its valence shell. To achieve a stable octet configuration, it requires two additional electrons. This means that sulphur can gain two electrons during chemical reactions. As a result, the valency of sulphur is most commonly 2.

Variable Valency of Sulphur

While the typical valency of sulphur is 2, it can exhibit other valencies, such as 4 and 6, in certain compounds. This is possible because sulphur can utilize its vacant d-orbitals to expand its valence shell and form additional bonds.

Examples of Sulphur Compounds

Here are some examples of compounds where the valency of sulphur varies:

• H₂S (Hydrogen Sulphide): Valency of sulphur is 2
• SO₂ (Sulphur Dioxide): Valency of sulphur is 4
• SO₃ (Sulphur Trioxide): Valency of sulphur is 6

Conclusion

In summary, the valency of sulphur is primarily 2, as it typically gains two electrons to complete its octet. However, due to its ability to expand its valence shell, it can exhibit higher valencies of 4 and 6 in specific compounds. This variability highlights the versatile nature of sulphur in chemical bonding.