What is thermal, photolytic, and electrolytic decomposition?

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Detailed Solution

Decomposition reactions are chemical reactions where one compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. Depending on the type of energy used, decomposition reactions are classified as thermal, photolytic, or electrolytic.

1. Thermal Decomposition

It occurs when heat energy is used to break a compound into simpler substances.

Example: Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) → Calcium oxide (CaO) + Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

This reaction happens when limestone is heated to form quicklime and carbon dioxide.

2. Photolytic Decomposition

It occurs when light energy is used to decompose a compound.

Example: 2AgCl → 2Ag + Cl₂ (in sunlight)

Silver chloride breaks down into silver and chlorine in the presence of light. This is used in photography.

3. Electrolytic Decomposition

It takes place when an electric current is passed through a compound.

Example: 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂ (by electrolysis)

Type	Energy Source	Example
Thermal	Heat	CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
Photolytic	Light	AgCl → Ag + Cl₂
Electrolytic	Electric current	H₂O → H₂ + O₂