What type of carbon-carbon bonds are present in vanaspati ghee?

Various fatty acid derivatives can have different carbon-carbon bonds. The distinction depends on the nature of the product and the product in which it is contained. Bond formation is in charge of actively assisting in the reaction process and molecular conformation.

Saturated hydrocarbons are the sort of carbon-carbon bonds that can exist in vanaspati ghee. Since the hydrocarbon is saturated, alkane linkages are used to produce all of the bonds between the carbon-carbon residues. Each and every fatty acid chain is made up of carbon-carbon solitary bonds. This is so that all of the fatty acid chains, whether they be saturated or unsaturated, can be hydrogenated to create vanaspati ghee. As a result, the hydrogenation procedure may be used to fatty acids that include unsaturation.

The fatty acid chains' double bonds are changed into single bonds during the hydrogenation process. The hydrogenation process, which results in the production of alkane residues in vanaspati ghee, calls for nickel (Ni) as a catalyst, 200°C as the reaction temperature, and medium pressure.

Veg. oil +H₂$\underset{{200}^{o}C}{\overset{Ni}{\to }}$Vanaspati

The hydrogenation process is used to create vanaspati ghee from vegetable oil. The process of hydrogenation involves breaking up the unsaturation in the chain and adding hydrogen to the carbon residues left behind by the unsaturation inside the fatty acid chains. Here's why. The organic molecules in the vanaspati ghee include single bonds between the carbon-carbon residues.

Hence, option 1 is correct.