What was the JP Movement (Total Revolution) and why did it start in Bihar?

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Detailed Solution

The JP Movement was a massive political and social movement in 1974-75, led by the veteran Gandhian socialist leader Jayaprakash Narayan (JP). Its goal was a "Total Revolution" (Sampoorna Kranti) against the central government of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

Why it Started in Bihar:

The movement's origins lie in the 1974 Bihar Movement (Bihar Chhatra Sangharsh Samiti).

Student Protests: It began as a student-led protest in Bihar against rising inflation, unemployment, food scarcity, and, most importantly, rampant corruption in the state's Congress government.
Invitation to JP: The students, lacking a unified leader, urged Jayaprakash Narayan, who had retired from active politics, to lead their movement.
JP's Leadership: JP agreed on the condition that the movement remains non-violent and expands its goals.35 He saw the Bihar protests as a symptom of a deeper national malaise.

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