What were the areas of conflict between the Bengal Nawabs and the East India Company?

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Detailed Solution

The key conflicts were misuse of trade privileges (dastaks), non-payment of customs, illegal private trade, fortification of Calcutta, asylum to political fugitives, and Company interference in Bengal’s revenue and politics.

Main flashpoints

Dastak abuse: Company servants used duty-free passes widely, depriving Bengal of revenue.
Customs and transit duties: Disputes over payments at internal chokis.
Private trade: Company personnel traded on their own account using official shields.
Fortifications: Strengthening Fort William without Nawab’s consent.
Asylum issues: Giving shelter to rivals and fugitives the Nawab wanted.
Coinage and minting: Autonomy claims in Calcutta clashed with Nawab authority.

Outcome

Tensions peaked under Siraj-ud-Daulah, leading to the 1756 siege of Calcutta and the 1757 Battle of Plassey, after which Company dominance began.

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