Which among the given factors are  affecting electro negativity ?

Electronegativity (E.N.) is the tendency of an atom to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond. Several factors affect electronegativity. Let us explore the key factors affecting electronegativity class 11:

1. Screening Effect (Shielding Effect)

The screening effect is inversely proportional to electronegativity. The inner electrons in an atom create a shielding or screening effect, which reduces the effective nuclear charge experienced by the valence electrons. As a result, the repulsive force between electrons increases, making it harder for the atom to attract additional electrons. Therefore, with a stronger screening effect, the electronegativity decreases.

2. Oxidation State

The oxidation state of an atom is directly proportional to its electronegativity. When an atom has a higher oxidation state, it experiences a greater effective nuclear charge. This stronger nuclear attraction makes the atom more electronegative. For example, atoms in higher oxidation states will have a higher tendency to attract shared electrons.

3. Atomic Number and Melting Point

It is important to note that the atomic number and melting point of an element do not significantly influence its electronegativity. These factors are unrelated to the ability of an atom to attract bonding electrons.