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Q.
Which among the following is an intensive property?
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a
Internal energy
b
Boiling point
c
Enthalpy
d
Entropy
answer is D.
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Detailed Solution
Properties which are independent of the amount of substance present in the system are called intensive properties, e.g. pressure, density, temperature, viscosity, surface tension, refractive index, emf, chemical potential, sp. heat, B.P etc, These are intensive properties
Some key examples of intensive properties include:
- Pressure: This is the force exerted per unit area and does not vary with the amount of substance in the system.
- Density: Defined as mass per unit volume, density is independent of the system’s size or the quantity of matter.
- Temperature: This measures the thermal energy of a system and is not influenced by the system's mass.
- Viscosity: The resistance of a fluid to flow remains consistent regardless of the fluid's volume.
- Surface Tension: This is the elastic tendency of a liquid surface and does not change with the amount of liquid.
- Refractive Index: This property measures how light bends when entering a material and is constant for a given substance.
- Electromotive Force (EMF): The potential difference in an electrochemical cell is unaffected by the amount of substance involved.
- Chemical Potential: This describes the potential energy of a substance in a chemical system and remains constant for a uniform phase.
- Specific Heat Capacity: The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius is an intensive property.
- Boiling Point: The temperature at which a liquid turns into vapor under specific conditions does not change with the liquid's quantity.
These properties are essential in thermodynamics and material science because they provide insight into the nature of a substance or system without being influenced by its size or scale.