Which challenges are being faced by political parties in India?

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Lack of Internal Democracy

Money and muscle power

Dynastic succession

All of the above

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

The operation of political parties encounters difficulties in these main areas:
1)      Lack of internal democracy: Power is centralised among one or a small number of prominent leaders. Parties don't frequently convene organisational meetings, maintain membership lists, or perform internal elections. Personal loyalty becomes more significant than loyalty to party beliefs and programs. Greater authority is assumed by the leaders to make choices on behalf of the party. Those who disagree with leadership find it difficult to stay in the party since one or a small number of leaders have a disproportionate amount of influence.
2)      Dynamic succession: Top positions are consistently held by members of one family in numerous political parties. The majority of political parties do not operate transparently or openly; it is incredibly challenging for an average employee to advance. This undermines democracy because those without the necessary qualifications or popular support end themselves in positions of authority.
3)      Money and muscle power: Parties frequently take shortcuts to win elections since their whole concentration is on doing so. They choose candidates who can influence the party's policies and choices because they have the financial resources or the ability to raise that money.

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