Which demographic measures show compositional change by age and sex

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Detailed Solution

Age structure and sex structure are tracked using population pyramids, median age, dependency ratios, and sex ratios to show how the population composition changes over time.

Main measures

Population pyramid: Visual chart showing age and sex distribution; reveals bulges, aging, or youth-heavy populations.
Median age: Splits the population into younger and older halves.
Dependency ratios: Ratio of dependents (0–14, 65+) to working-age population (15–64).
Sex ratio: Number of males per 100 females; highlights gender imbalance in certain cohorts.
Cohort analysis: Tracks age groups over time to study fertility, mortality, and migration impact.

Uses

These measures guide planning for schools, jobs, pensions, and healthcare. For example, an aging population shows high old-age dependency ratios, while a youthful population shows large future workforce potential.

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