Which Electrode Undergoes Oxidation vs. Reduction?

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Detailed Solution

This is the most fundamental definition in electrochemistry and, luckily, it is always true for all types of cells (both galvanic/batteries and electrolytic).

The definitions are best remembered with two simple mnemonics: AN OX and RED CAT.

The ANODE is the electrode where OXIDATION occurs.

(Mnemonic: AN OX)

The CATHODE is the electrode where REDUCTION occurs.

(Mnemonic: RED CAT)

What Do "Oxidation" and "Reduction" Mean?

These terms describe the transfer of electrons. You can remember them with another mnemonic: OIL RIG.

Oxidation Is Loss (of electrons). The substance at the anode *loses* electrons, which are released into the external circuit.
Reduction Is Gain (of electrons). The substance at the cathode *gains* electrons, which it takes from the external circuit.

Therefore, no matter what type of device you are looking at, if you know where oxidation is happening, you have found the anode. If you know where reduction is happening, you have found the cathode.

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