Which is correct order of seral stages in hydrach?

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Phytoplankton → red swamp stage → scrub stages → forest → submerged plant → submerged free floating plant stage → marsh meadow stage

Submerged plant → marsh meadow stage → scrub stages → forest → phytoplankton → submerged free floating plant stage → reed swamp stage

Scrub stages → forest → reed swamp stage → marsh meadow stage → submerged free floating plant stage →submerged plant → phytoplankton

Phytoplankton → rooted submerged stage → rooted free floating plant → reed swamp stage → marsh meadow stage → scrub stage →forest climax

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Ecological succession is defined as the process of gradual and predictable change in the species composition of an area. Primary succession occurs in those areas where no organism ever existed whereas secondary succession takes place in those areas where organisms once existed but now have lost them due to some reason. In primary succession of wet land into forest the first to appear are the phytoplanktons. They are replaced by submerged plants and later submerged and floating plants both appear. Gradually, it passes through the reed swamp and marsh meadow stages and lastly scrubs appear before forming it into a forest land.

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