The primary ore of Mercury is Cinnabar and its formula is HgS.

Cinnabar is the most important ore of mercury, widely recognized for its bright red color. Below is a detailed explanation:

What is Cinnabar?

Cinnabar is a naturally occurring mineral and the chief source of mercury (chemical symbol: Hg).
It primarily consists of mercury sulfide, with the chemical formula HgS.

Chemical Composition

The formula HgS signifies that cinnabar is made up of one atom of mercury (Hg) and one atom of sulfur (S).
It crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system and is often found in volcanic and hydrothermal regions.

Why is Cinnabar the Primary Ore?

Mercury is extracted from cinnabar because it contains a high percentage of mercury, making it the most efficient and abundant source for obtaining the metal.
During the extraction process, cinnabar is roasted in the presence of oxygen, which releases mercury in its pure form:

Uses of Mercury Extracted from Cinnabar

Thermometers and barometers: Mercury’s liquid state at room temperature makes it ideal for use in measuring instruments.
Dental amalgams: Mercury is used in alloys for dental fillings.
Industrial applications: Mercury is utilized in the production of fluorescent lamps, batteries, and chemical catalysts.

Interesting Facts About Cinnabar

Cinnabar is also known as vermilion in its powdered form and has been historically used as a pigment in art and decoration.
Due to its mercury content, cinnabar is toxic and must be handled with care.

In conclusion, cinnabar (HgS) is the primary ore of mercury, playing a vital role in various industrial and scientific applications. Its significance stems from its high mercury content and relative abundance.