Which nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil are responsible for increasing the fertility of the soil?

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Rhizobium, Frankia

Salmonella, Shigella

Lactobacillus, Clostridium

E. coli, Streptococcus

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Rhizobium, Frankia are known to fix atmospheric nitrogen and assimilate it into organic compounds like nitrates.
Rhizobium is commonly found in the root nodules of leguminous plants, where it forms a symbiotic relationship with the plant, exchanging fixed nitrogen for carbohydrates.
Frankia, on the other hand, is found in the roots of non-leguminous plants like alder trees, where it forms nodules and fixes atmospheric nitrogen.
E. coli and Streptococcus are common bacteria in the gut microbiome of animals, while Salmonella and Shigella are pathogenic bacteria that can cause illness.
Lactobacillus and Clostridium are both common soil bacteria, but they do not play a direct role in nitrogen fixation.

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