Which of the following are correct about the difference between the first row and other two rows of transition elements?

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M–M bonding is quite rare in the first row transition elements. In the secondand third row elements M–M bonds are much more common

The (+II) and sometimes (+III) oxidation states are important for all the first row elements. The higher oxidation states of second and third row elements are more important and much more stable.

The second and third rows of transition elements resemble each other much more than they resemble the first row.

All the above

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

On moving down the group, the valence electrons are loosely held by the nucleus. As a result, electrons are readily available for M-M bond formation.

On moving down the group, the effective nuclear charge reduces and the energy gap between 4d-5s (valence subshell in second transition series) and 5d-6s (valence subshells in third transition series) also reduces. Therefore, by supplying small amount of energy electrons from both 4d and 5s or 5d and 6s can remove.

Due to lanthanoid contraction, there is very small difference in atomic radii. Hence, they share quite similar properties and resemble to each other

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