Which of the following are covered by a single membrane?

Vacuole

Lysosomes and vacuoles are cell organelles that are enclosed by a single membrane.

Detailed Explanation:

1. Lysosomes:
   • Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in animal cells. They are responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris. The single membrane that surrounds lysosomes ensures the enzymes inside them do not affect the rest of the cell. These organelles contain digestive enzymes, which help in the breakdown of unwanted substances in the cell.
2. Vacuoles:
   • Vacuoles are large, membrane-bound spaces found in cells. They are more prominent in plant cells but are also present in animal cells, though smaller in size.
   • In plant cells, vacuoles are much larger and can occupy about 70% to 80% of the cell volume. The membrane surrounding the vacuole in plant cells is called the tonoplast, and inside the vacuole is a fluid called cell sap. The cell sap contains water, salts, sugars, and other substances. The vacuole plays a key role in maintaining the cell's shape, storing nutrients, and disposing of waste.
   • In animal cells, vacuoles are generally smaller and have a more temporary function, often involved in storage and waste removal.