Which of the following are criteria to measure discrimination against women?

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Sex Ratio

Violence against women

Unpaid work

All of the above

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

All of the above are criteria to measure discrimination against women.
The social structures around the world are primarily patriarchal, male-dominated, and male-centred. Women in such societies are relegated to subordinate positions and do not have much say in the decision-making of the private and public spheres. Such societies discriminate against women, as evidenced by the sex ratio, which is the number of females per thousand males. In most societies, a girl child is not welcomed, and many practise female infanticide for selective abortions, which leads to a decline in the female population. This results in a low sex ratio. The low literacy rate among women is another measure of discrimination. Male education is prioritised over female education, leading to the lowest literacy rate among women. On the economic front, women's household work is not recognised. Women are underpaid by their male counterparts for the same work, thus leaving them dependent on men financially. Violence against women is another concern. Women are victims of domestic violence, rapes, molestations, etc. Thus, the government must ensure women's safety in public and private spheres.

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