Which of the following body parts constitute the central nervous system?

The central nervous system (CNS) is part of the nervous system that includes the brain and the spinal cord. It serves as the control centre of the body, receiving and processing information from the sensory organs and transmitting instructions to the muscles and organs.

The brain is the most complex organ in the body and is responsible for a variety of functions, including sensory perception, movement, thought, emotion, and regulation of bodily functions such as heart rate, breathing, and digestion. It is protected by the skull and is connected to the spinal cord, which extends down from the brainstem through the spinal canal in the centre of the vertebral column.

The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nerve tissue that extends from the brainstem to the lower back. It is protected by the bones of the vertebral column and serves as a conduit for nerve signals between the brain and the rest of the body. The spinal cord is responsible for many reflex actions, such as the withdrawal reflex, and also serves as a centre for coordinating many involuntary functions, such as breathing and heart rate.

Together, the brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system, which is responsible for controlling and coordinating all the functions of the body.