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Q.

Which of the following chemical reactions correctly shows Aqua-regia dissolving in gold?


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a

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Au</mi><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mn>2</mn><mfenced><mi>Cu</mi></mfenced><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mo>&#xA0;</mo><msub><mi>AuCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mover><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>HCl</mi></mover><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mfenced><msub><mi>AuCl</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mfenced></math>

b

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Ag</mi><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mn>3</mn><mfenced><mi>Cl</mi></mfenced><mo>&#x2192;</mo><msub><mi>AgCl</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mover><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>HCl</mi></mover><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mfenced><msub><mi>AgCl</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mfenced></math>

c

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Au</mi><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mn>3</mn><mfenced><mi>Cu</mi></mfenced><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mo>&#xA0;</mo><msub><mi>AuCl</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mover><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>HCl</mi></mover><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mrow/></msub><mfenced><msub><mi>AuCl</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mfenced></math>

d

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Ag</mi><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mn>2</mn><mfenced><mi>Cl</mi></mfenced><mo>&#x2192;</mo><msub><mi>AgCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mover><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>HCl</mi></mover><mo>&#xA0;</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mfenced><msub><mi>AgCl</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mfenced></math> 

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

Concept- Metals detected in the gangue must be refined before they can be extracted. Concentrating the ore, separating the metal from the concrete ore, and purifying the metal are the three main steps in the extraction of metals.
The purest form of gold is refined using aqua regia. Nitrosyl chloride and chlorine gas make up this mixture of aqua regia's volatile components. Aqua regia loses its ability to dissolve metals like gold, platinum, and other precious metals if these volatile compounds are allowed to escape from the solution.
The Wohlwill process is the method used to refine the purest form of gold using the Aqua regia solution. In this procedure, chloroauric acid, which is made from aqua regia, serves as the electrolyte.
Gold dissolving Nitric acid, a potent oxidizer that completely oxidises undetectable amounts of gold, and hydrochloric acid supply chloride ions, which react with gold to generate chloroauric anions when gold is dissolved in aqua regia.
Aqua regia is the 3: 1 mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid respectively. Gold and platinum are two noble metals that are dissolved using it.
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Au</mi><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mn>3</mn><mfenced><mi>Cu</mi></mfenced><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mo>&#xA0;</mo><msub><mi>AuCl</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#xA0;</mo><mover><mo>&#x2192;</mo><mi>HCl</mi></mover><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mrow/></msub><mfenced><msub><mi>AuCl</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mfenced></math> Hence, the correct answer is option 3.
 
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