Questions
Which of the following compounds possesses zero dipole moment?
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By Expert Faculty of Sri Chaitanya
a
Water
b
Benzene
c
Carbon tetrachloride
d
Boron trifluoride
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Correct option is B
- Carbon tetrachloride molecule has zero dipole moment even though C and Cl have different electronegativities and each of the C - Cl bond is polar and has some dipole moment.
- This is because, the individual dipole moments cancel out because of the symmetrical tetrahedral shape of the molecule.
- In benzenes molecule carbon and hydrogen have distinct electronegativities, so it has the symmetrical planar structure.
- It has six C-H bonds or six dipole moments, that cancel out another one, and therefore the net dipole moment is zero.
- The zero dipole moment of BF3 is because of its symmetrical (triangular planar) structure.
- The three fluorine atoms lie at the corners of an equilateral triangle with a boron at the center.
- BF3 molecule is formed by bonding between three sp2 orbitals of B and p orbital of 3 F atoms.
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