Which of the following countries have a federal form of government?

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India

Belgium

Sri Lanka

Both (1) and (2)

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

Both India and Belgium have a federal form of government. Federalism is the vertical division of power at different levels of government. Power can be shared by forming a government at the union or central level, state or local level.
In India, a three-tier structure is present. The first tier is the Central Government. The second tier is the state government which represents the states. The 73rd added the third tier structure for local self-governance, and the 74th amendment acts of the Constitution of India called the Panchayati Raj institutions for rural areas and municipal corporations in urban areas.
Similarly, the Belgium model was about equal power-sharing among all ethnic groups.
The Belgium model of power sharing included:
1)      Introduction of the federal government that avoided the possible division of Belgium on a linguistic basis.
2)      The number of French and Dutch ministers was equivalent in the central government.
3)      A separate government existed in Brussels for the equal representation of communities.
4)      The Central Government's powers were vested in the state government in some areas of Belgium.

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