Which of the following do not cause cancer but promote controlled cell division in normal cells?

Proto-oncogenes are found in normal cells. They are involved in cell growth and proliferation. They regulate and promote controlled cell division, ensuring that cells grow and divide appropriately under normal physiological conditions.

When activated to active oncogenes, they cause cancer. Viral oncogenes are the genes in cancer causing viruses. Ionising radiations like X-rays and gamma rays and non-ionising radiations like UV cause DNA damage leading to cancer.