Q.

Which of the following functional components occur in all natural ecosystems?

(a) Energy flow

(b) Nutrient cycling

(c) Productivity

(d) Species composition

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a

All except a

b

All except b

c

All except c

d

All except d

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

Species composition and stratification are the structural components of the ecosystem. 

Productivity, energy flow, nutrient cycling and decomposition are the functional components of the ecosystem.

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Which of the following functional components occur in all natural ecosystems?(a) Energy flow(b) Nutrient cycling(c) Productivity(d) Species composition