Which of the following is a decomposition reaction?

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$C_{6} H_{12 (l)} + 8 O_{2 (g)} \to 5 {CO}_{2 (g)} + 6 H_{2} O_{(l)}$

${CaCO}_{3 (s)} \to {CaO}_{(s)} + {CO}_{2 (g)}$

${NH}_{3 (l)} + H_{2} O_{(l)} ⇌ {NH}_{4 (aq)}^{+} + {OH}_{(a q)}^{-}$

${Ag}_{(a q)}^{+} + {Cl}_{(a q)}^{-} \to {AgCl}_{(s)}$

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

Concept-

One molecule breaks down into two or more products during a decomposition reaction.
In a decomposition reaction, a chemical compound decomposes into the main production and into byproducts.
A bond is broken in a decomposition reaction, resulting in the formation of two (or more) products from a single chemical. Due to the enormous energy required to break a bond, these reactions are typically endothermic.
Disproportionation reactions typically characterize decomposition reactions. Here, the same substance undergoes both oxidation and reduction, yielding two distinct products. Disproportionation reactions aren't present in all degradation reactions, though.
Metal carbonate calcium carbonate breaks down into calcium oxide, releasing carbon dioxide gas in the process.

${CaCO}_{3 (s)} \to {CaO}_{(s)} + {CO}_{2 (g)}$