Which of the following is an example of coextinction?

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Coexistence of competing species by resource partitioning

An invasive species outcompeting a native species for resources

The extinction of a plant species when the pollinator insect species becomes extinct

The extinction of birds and mammals when large habitats are broken up into small fragments

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

Coextinction is the loss of a species due to the extinction of another species that it depends on for survival. This often occurs when a species is so obligatorily associated with another species that the loss of one species results in the extinction of the other.
For example, a plant species that relies on a particular species of insect for pollination may become extinct if that insect species goes extinct. When a host species becomes extinct, its unique assemblage of parasites also meets the same fate. Similarly, a predator species that depends on a particular prey species may become extinct if the prey species becomes extinct.

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