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Q.

Which of the following is(are) explained by hydrogen bonding?

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a

o-nitrophenol is less acidic than p-nitrophenol.

b

$M e_{2} N H$ is more basic than Me₃N in aqueous solutions.

c

$p K_{a l}$ of cis isomer of but-2-enedioic acid is less than that of the trans isomer.

d

o-nitrobenzoic acid is more acidic than p-nitrobenzoic acid.

answer is A, B, C.

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Detailed Solution

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A) Intramolecular hydrogen bonding decreases the acidic character of o-nitrophenol
B) Conjugate acid of $M e_{2} N H$ has two hydrogen atoms that can involve in HB with water while that of $M e_{3} N$ has only one.
C) Conjugate base of cis isomer is stabilized by intramolecular HB.
D) No HB in the conjugate base of o-isomer.

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Which of the following is(are) explained by hydrogen bonding?