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Q.

Which of the following is not an equivalence relation in Z?

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a

a R b a + b is an even integer

b

 a R b  a - b is an even integer

c

 a R b  a<b

d

 a R b a = b

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

Let R = {a,b : a + b is even integer. a, b Z }.

For, a Z, a + a = 2a is an even integer.

(a, a) R, a Z

R is reflective.

Let     (a, b)  a + b is even integer.

     b + a is even integer   (b, a)R

R is symmetric

Let                        (a, b),(b, c)R

  a + b and b + c are even integer

 (a + b) + (b + c) = a + c + 2b is even integer

 (a + c + 2b) - 2b = a + c is even integer.

            (a, c) R    R is transitive

R is an equivalence relation.

Let R = {(a, b) : a - b is even integer, a, b Z}

For a Z, a -a=0 is an even integer.

                         (a -a )  R  Z

R is reflexive.

Let (a, b) R.    a -b is even integer.

    - (a - b) is even integer.

  b - a is even integer.  (b ,a) R

R symmetric

Let (a, b), (b, c) a- b , b- c are even integers.

                              ( a -b ) + ( b - c)  is even integer.

       a - c is even integer.

           (a , c ) R

  R is transitive.

 R is an equivalence relation.

Let                        R = {(a, b) : a < b; a, b Z }

Let                        a Z,  a < a is false.

R is not reflexive.

R is not an equivalence relation.

Let                  R = {( a, b) : a = b, a, bZ } clearly it is an equivalence relation on Z  

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